WORLD FOOD ISSUES: PAST AND PRESENT How did things get this way?

---

Gross National Product Per Capita
of Various Countries of the World

Examples of Species Domesticated in Cradles of Civilization

(Source: Diamond, J. 1997. Guns, Germs and Steel. W. W. Norton & Co., New York)

Area	Domesticated Plants	Domesticated Animals	Earliest Attested Date
Southwest Asia	Wheat, barley, lentil, pea, flax, muskmelon, olive	Sheep, goat, cattle	8,500 BC
China	Rice, millet, soybean, adzuki bean, mung bean, hemp	Pig, silkworm	7,500 BC
Mesoamerica	Corn, beans, squash, cotton, yucca, agave, jicama, avocado	Turkey	By 3,500 BC
Andes and Amazonia	Potato, manioc, peanut, cotton, sweet potato, oca, squashes	Llama, guinea pig	By 3,500 BC
Eastern U. S.	Sunflower, goosefoot. maygrass, little barley, knotweed, Jerusalem artichoke, squash	None	2,500 BC
Sahel	Sorghum, pearl millet, African rice, cowpea, cotton	Guinea fowl	By 5,000 BC
Tropical West Africa	African yams, oil palm, watermelon, groundnut	None	By 3,000 BC
Ethiopia	Coffee, teff, finger millet	None	?
New Guinea	Sugarcane, banana, yams, taro	None	7,000 BC

Summary of Human Organizational Development

POLITICAL	ECONOMIC	SOCIAL	RELIGIOUS
	Reciprocal	Traditional	Mystical
Command	Redistributive	Monarchical	Revealed knowledge Divine right
State	Market	Industrial	Humanism